In addition to hospitals associated with the medical colleges, Columbus reputedly had the largest insane asylum in the world, with approximately 1,300 patients. The city supported numerous newspapers and magazines as well.Īs capital, Columbus also hosted a number of legal and medical institutions. According to city records in the 1880s, Columbus boasted more than fifty churches and approximately six hundred saloons. Supplementing this emphasis on education were a number of libraries containing thousands of volumes, an Art School, and numerous musical societies and concerts. Two medical schools also functioned at this time, Starling Medical College and the Columbus Medical College. Ohio State was a state-supported school, while the Lutheran Church founded Capital University. In addition, there were two colleges located in Columbus by the late nineteenth century - The Ohio State University and Capital University. A significant number of both private and public schools existed within the city. In the 1840s and 1850s, railroads and telegraph lines connected the capital to other parts of the state as well.Īs might be expected of a capital city, Columbus became a center of learning and social activities in the nineteenth century. By 1836, the National Road extended from Cumberland, Maryland, to Columbus, and within the next several years eventually extended all the way to Illinois. Columbus was connected to the Ohio and Erie Canal by way of an eleven-mile feeder canal in September 1831. Much of Columbus' growth can be attributed to its proximity to major transportation routes. In that year, Columbus residents elected John Brooks as its first mayor.Īlthough Columbus suffered as a result of the Panic of 1819, in the following decades the capital continued to grow both economically and in terms of population. By 1834, the population of Columbus was four thousand people, officially elevating it to "city" status. It officially became the county seat in 1824. Columbus grew quickly in its first few years, having a population of seven hundred people by 1815. The statehouse was built in 1814 as well. By 1813, a penitentiary had been built, and by the following year the first church, school, and newspaper had been established. The town was surveyed, and various city lots were put up for sale. In the years between first groundbreaking and the actual movement of the capital in 1816, Columbus grew significantly. The city was designed from the first as the state's capital, preparing itself for its role in Ohio's political, economic, and social life. Prior to the state legislature's decision in 1812, Columbus did not exist. The legislature chose it as Ohio's capital over a number of other competitors, including Franklinton, Dublin, Worthington, and Delaware. Columbus was chosen as the site for the new capital because of its central location within the state and access to transportation routes (primarily rivers) at that time. Columbus was not the original capital, but the state legislature chose to move the state government there after short periods in both Chillicothe and Zanesville. The city was first laid out in 1812 and incorporated in 1816. 1910-1920.Ĭolumbus is both the capital of Ohio and the county seat of Franklin County. Elevated view of High Street in Columbus, Ohio looking north from Broad Street, ca.
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